A federal judge in Rhode Island has issued a direct order to the Trump administration to fully fund the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) for November, demanding the use of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) nearly $5 billion emergency reserve. The ruling, handed down by U.S. District Judge John McConnell Jr.—an appointee of President Barack Obama—comes as the current government shutdown enters its 37th day, surpassing the previous 35-day record set during President Trump’s first term (2018-2019).
The decision, which mandates the full $8.5 billion to $9 billion in monthly SNAP benefits be paid, immediately drew fire from the White House. Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt, who became the youngest person to hold the post in January 2025, described the ruling as “absurd,” arguing that the executive branch, not a judge, must manage appropriations during a funding lapse. The administration has appealed the order, emphasizing the necessity of preserving liquidity for potential national emergencies.
The Shutdown’s Core Dispute: ACA Subsidies
The unprecedented standoff began over the expiration of enhanced Affordable Care Act (ACA) premium tax credits. These enhancements, originally passed in 2021 and extended through the end of 2025 by the Inflation Reduction Act, expanded eligibility and increased subsidy amounts, contributing to record marketplace enrollment (estimated at 24.2 million in 2025).
- Democrats insist on extending these subsidies as part of any funding resolution, citing projections that expiration would sharply increase premiums for millions of Americans, with some analyses suggesting unsubsidized payments could more than double.
- Republicans have offered continuing resolutions at prior spending levels, arguing that the subsidies’ built-in expiration dates were the cause of the premium crisis and that the focus should be on passing a “clean” funding bill. Senator Roger Marshall (R-KS) stated that Democrats have voted against SNAP funding 13 times despite Republican offers.
The Judicial Intervention and Data on SNAP
Judge McConnell’s order rejected the administration’s plan to partially fund SNAP to stretch reserves, citing the “irreparable harm” that would be caused to the approximately 42 million recipients, including the elderly and disabled. The ruling accused the administration of failing to consider the practical consequences of reduced benefits, which could take weeks or months for states to implement.
President Trump has weighed in on the issue, criticizing the program’s expansion, particularly to able-bodied individuals without dependents, and asserting that SNAP enrollment ballooned under the Biden administration to levels “many times” higher than during his first term.
Fact Check on SNAP Enrollment: Data from the USDA shows that average monthly participation in SNAP increased only slightly during the Biden administration, from 41.6 million people in 2021 to 41.7 million in 2024—a marginal increase of 0.24%. A substantial increase in the average benefit per person (39.4%) occurred between 2020 and 2021, but this was due to the emergency benefits authorized under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, signed into law by President Trump in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Broader Fallout and Economic Strain
The continued shutdown is producing cascading effects across the U.S. economy and infrastructure:
- Aviation Disruptions: The FAA has been forced to slash air traffic by 10% at 40 major airports due to staffing shortages, leading to warnings of “massive backups” from Transportation Secretary Shawn Duffy.
- Economic Impact: Federal workers remain unpaid, leading to personal financial strain for hundreds of thousands, and reduced government spending is contributing to market volatility.
- Housing Risk: Essential programs, such as Section 8 housing assistance, face depletion risks if the funding impasse continues.
The core of the political tension remains the question of leverage: critics argue that Judge McConnell’s ruling removes the incentive for Democrats to negotiate a quick end to the shutdown by guaranteeing the November food aid, while proponents insist the judicial action was necessary to protect vulnerable Americans from being used as “leverage in a political fight.”